This Buddha Purnima, explore lesser-known Buddhist caves in Maharashtra

Team L&M

Buddha Purnima, one of the most sacred festivals in Buddhism, marks the birth, enlightenment, and nirvana of Gautama Buddha. Celebrated with devotion across the world, this auspicious day also highlights India’s rich Buddhist heritage.

Did you know that Maharashtra is home to the largest Buddhist population in India, accounting for nearly 5.81% of its total population? The state boasts an incredible legacy of ancient rock-cut caves, showcasing some of the earliest examples of Buddhist architecture, sculptures, and cave paintings in India.

On the occasion of Buddha Purnima, here are some lesser-known Buddhist caves in Maharashtra that deserve a place on your travel list.

Kondivite (Mahakali) Caves, Mumbai

Located in Mumbai, the Kondivite Caves, also known as the Mahakali Caves, are a group of 19 rock-cut caves dating from the 1st century BCE to the 6th century CE.

Carved into the Mahakali hills in Andheri East, these caves are divided into two sections—four caves in the northwest and 15 in the southeast. Most are viharas (monastic cells), while Cave 9 is a chaitya (prayer hall).

Visitors can witness:

• Intricate carvings depicting Buddhist tales
• Statues of Buddha
• Ancient inscriptions in the Pali language

The caves also reflect stylistic similarities to the Barabar Caves, dating back to the Mauryan period, especially in their polished stone surfaces.

Thanale Buddhist Caves, Raigad

Nestled in the scenic district of Raigad, the Thanale Caves are believed to be among the oldest rock-cut caves in India, dating back to the 1st century BCE.

This group of 23 caves includes:

• 2 chaityas (prayer halls)
• 2 stupas
• Several viharas

Each cave is uniquely carved, with Cave 3 housing multiple stupas and Cave 7 being the largest, adorned with Buddhist relics and scriptures. Archaeological findings, including remnants of ancient paintings, make this site historically significant.

Bedse Caves, Pune

Situated in the Maval region of Pune, the Bedse Caves date back to the 1st century BCE and are renowned for their architectural brilliance.

The site features:

• A grand chaitya (prayer hall) with a massive stupa
• A vihara (monastery) with a unique apsidal roof

Highlights include:

• Beautifully carved pillars with figures of animals and riders
• An intricately designed chaitya arch
• A rare wooden umbrella structure (Yashti and Chhatra) atop the stupa

These caves offer deep insights into the transition between Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism, making them a must-visit for history and architecture enthusiasts.

Gomashi Caves, Raigad

Also located in Raigad, the Gomashi Caves are a lesser-known yet fascinating site in the Konkan region.

Discovered in 1889 by Rev. J. E. Abbott, this cave dates back to the 1st or 2nd century CE. Originally associated with the Hinayana tradition, it was later influenced by Mahayana Buddhism.

The cave features:

• A finely carved black basalt image of Buddha under the Bodhi tree
• A single-cell structure, reflecting simplicity and spiritual focus

Pitalkhora Caves, Aurangabad

Located near Aurangabad, the Pitalkhora Caves are among the earliest examples of Buddhist rock-cut architecture in India, dating back to the 2nd century BCE.

This complex consists of 14 caves, including:

• Chaityas (prayer halls)
• Viharas (monastic residences)

Key highlights:

• A grand entrance adorned with sculptures of elephants, guardians, and naga figures
• 37 intricately carved pillars in the main hall
• Stunning paintings and sculptures of Buddha in various poses

The caves also feature artistic depictions of animals, Yakshas, and mythological elements, making them a visual and historical treasure.

Celebrate Buddha Purnima with a Journey into History

This Buddha Purnima, go beyond rituals and explore the timeless legacy of Buddhism through these ancient caves in Maharashtra. From intricate carvings to serene meditation spaces, these sites offer a glimpse into India’s spiritual and architectural heritage.

Whether you’re a history buff, spiritual seeker, or travel enthusiast, these Buddhist caves in Maharashtra promise a meaningful and enriching experience.