Cultural identity and the façade: Telling stories through the exteriors

Sumit Dhawan

Architecture has always been more than the act of building. It is an expression-of people, of time, of heritage, and of the silent narratives that shape who we are. To me, the façade has always been the most powerful storyteller in this narrative. It is the first point of engagement, the surface where culture, memory, and identity merge. A façade is not merely an aesthetic front; it is the architectural equivalent of a person’s face-distinctive, revealing, and inherently personal.

My design philosophy, over nearly twenty years of practice, has been deeply rooted in the belief that a building should speak for itself. It should express its intent, context, and personality devoid of any musings emanating from abstract theoretical discourses. That which gives authenticity to a façade is not ornamentation for the sake of beauty, but cultural resonance, which it embodies for people who use and interface with it. Whether a celebrity home, an urban residence, or a contemporary commercial project, I believe every façade should be born out of the lifestyle, aspirations, and identity of its users.

Cultural Identity

Cultural identity, in this aspect, isn’t just about motifs or historical references. It is an ever-evolving tapestry of experiences, habits, climate responsiveness, and emotional cues that define how people live. India, more so, offers a rather rich palette of narratives-its vernacular traditions, craftsmanship, climatic diversity, and layered history are endless sources of inspiration. And as much as most modern architecture pushes toward global minimalism, I think there’s great value in bringing the contextual nuances into the façade. This does not mean replicating traditional elements verbatim; it’s their reinterpretation to suit modern life.

For example, jaalis, overhangs, and courtyards that were climatically indispensable can be reimagined as sculptural screens, strategic shading devices, or spatial transitions adding depth to the façade. This marriage between traditional intent and modern execution presents exteriors that are visually striking and emotionally rooted. After all, cultural identity surfaces through subtle decisions: the tactility of the material, the rhythm of the openings, the play of light and shadow, the honesty of forms.

In the meantime, functionality cannot be detached from form. A façade that tells a story about culture and fails in functionality will lose its meaning. I follow a constant to-and-fro methodology in design to balance both sides. The exterior not only needs to look good but should also perform well: modulate sunlight, ensure privacy, enhance ventilation, and align seamlessly with spatial planning. Storytelling really happens when form and function mirror each other, every line and texture serving a purpose.

The Facade

The façade becomes a canvas where the client’s identity has to be intertwined with architectural character. Getting into the shoes of the client means an understanding of his lifestyle, his aspirations, and his connect with space. The façade has to resonate with him; it has to feel like an extension of himself. It is this personalization that turns a structure from being just a building into a bespoke lived experience.

We, as architects, have the responsibility to design façades that are not transient trends but timeless expressions. In the present times, with rapid urbanisation and globalization of the architectural language, façade assumes even greater importance for holding on to individuality and cultural nuances. It is a reminder that architecture is not about making spaces but shaping identities. Ultimately, a well-crafted façade is not seen-it’s felt. It moves people, roots them in their heritage, reflects their lifestyle, and tells their story with no words spoken. And that, for me, is the true power of design: to craft exteriors that stand as cultural signatures, shaping not just the built environment but the very stories that define us.

Sumit Dhawan is Founder & Principal Architect, Cityspace 82 Architects