UNDERSTANDING DOWN SYNDROME

Dr Joseph Sunny Kunnassery

Down syndrome, a genetic condition that is annually observed on March 21st, impacts millions globally.  Down syndrome, also known as ‘trisomy 21’, is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and characteristic physical features. The theme in 2025, “Improve Our Support Systems,” serves as the essential point that the whole matter of good support systems is responsible for the total well-being of people with this particular condition.

Down syndrome can be identified through prenatal screening and diagnostic tests, or after birth by observing physical characteristics and confirming with a blood test (karyotype). There are multiple medical procedures for the identification.

When a baby is born with Down syndrome, families may experience a mix of emotions, and understanding what to expect can help you feel more prepared. When a baby is born with Down Syndrome the first challenge parents will face is feeding. Some newborns may have difficulty with sucking and swallowing. A feeding therapist or lactation consultant may help.  Nearly half of babies with Down syndrome are born with congenital heart defects, so an early consultation with a doctor is important. The parents should also remember about Hearing and vision issues, Thyroid problems, Gastrointestinal concerns, Respiratory infections which requires immediate medical attention.

Babies with Down syndrome typically reach developmental milestones later than their peers, but they continue to make progress with appropriate support. Early intervention services like physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy can significantly improve these skills.

Prioritising Health and Well-being
Regular medical check-ups should be taken by the individuals with Down syndrome to ensure they have passed the identification of the health issues. Meeting with the doctors is the best way to be informed about the routine of health management of the families where there are babies with Down syndrome who are suffering from common heart defects which affect 50% of the entire population. Besides, ear and eye screenings should be part of the early detection of the problems and should be followed by the proper measures for their treatment. Moreover, they should pay attention to the fun things they love and try to always spend some of their free time with their dear ones because such a good mental state also boosts their immunity. relates to the health of immune system due to which they have increased vulnerability to infections.
The Power of Early Intervention and Education

Early intervention and education is key to achieve the maximum potential of kids with Down syndrome. The treatment options like speech therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy have played a significant role in the communication ability, mobility, and the every-day life skills. Numerous children with Down syndrome not only maintain but also thrive in general or special educational settings which consequently leads to becoming more self-reliant.
Parents are key advocates. To give your child a life that is full of variety, you have to first search for his/her hobby of interest, then have a talk with them about how to acquire basic life skills by training, and join in on their hobbies. Finding ways of ensuring your child is part of a larger support system, through developing connections with other families that have children with a disability, therapists, educators, as well as community organizations is highly beneficial. Moreover, by giving the disabled people equal opportunities in social interactions and holding educational talks on Down syndrome to others, parents will help create an inclusive school environment that preaches tolerance and acceptance.

Dr Joseph Sunny Kunnassery is Founder, Prayatna, Kochi
World Down Syndrome Day