Tips for managing cholesterol levels during pregnancy

Dr Shilpa Ellur

Cholesterol, despite its negative reputation, plays a crucial role in our health, particularly during pregnancy. Elevated cholesterol levels, known as hypercholesterolemia, occur when there is an excess of cholesterol in the blood. While cholesterol is essential for bodily functions, excessive amounts can lead to artery blockages and raise the risk of heart disease and stroke. Maintaining balanced cholesterol levels is vital for the health of both mother and baby.

Understanding Cholesterol and Its Impact
A basic blood test can reveal whether you have high cholesterol levels. Cholesterol, a substance generated by the liver, is crucial for building healthy cells. It is categorized into two types: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often termed “bad” cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), known as “good” cholesterol. During pregnancy, it’s normal for triglyceride and cholesterol levels to rise, as this supports the baby’s growth and the production of hormones like progesterone and estrogen. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder that results in unusually high levels of LDL cholesterol. Managing FH often requires medication to keep cholesterol levels under control.

Normal Cholesterol Levels and Pregnancy Changes
While standard cholesterol levels generally fall between 120 and 190 milligrams per deciliter, during pregnancy, they may rise above 200 milligrams per deciliter.
During pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, cholesterol and triglyceride levels rise and typically return to their pre-pregnancy levels after childbirth. This increase is associated with the production of placental hormones, particularly progesterone.
High cholesterol levels have been connected to an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and premature birth. However, there is no conclusive evidence indicating that these elevated levels negatively affect the baby.

Managing Cholesterol Through Diet and Lifestyle
During pregnancy, cholesterol medications are not recommended. Women who were using such medications before pregnancy should stop them. Instead, manage cholesterol through diet and lifestyle changes, provided there are no risks like miscarriage, premature birth, or high blood pressure.

Adopting a Mediterranean-style diet offers numerous benefits.
Focus on incorporating sources of unsaturated fats, including avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil. These fats can enhance cholesterol profiles by boosting HDL (good) cholesterol and reducing LDL (bad) cholesterol levels.
Eat less processed foods, high-fat meats, and full-fat dairy items to reduce your intake of saturated fats. Steer clear of trans fats, which can increase LDL cholesterol levels and are commonly found in many baked and fried foods.
One important factor in lowering LDL cholesterol levels is dietary fiber. Make sure to incorporate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes into your diet. Soluble fiber-rich foods such as beans and oats are particularly useful in this context.
Pick for plant-based proteins, fish, and chicken as lean protein sources. Omega-3 fatty acids, which promote cardiovascular health, make fatty fish, like salmon and mackerel, especially advantageous.
Engage in moderate activities such as walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga to help maintain healthy cholesterol levels, manage weight, reduce the risk of gestational diabetes, and enhance cardiovascular and emotional well-being.
Regular cholesterol monitoring is an essential part of prenatal care. Your healthcare provider will likely check your levels as part of routine assessments.
Throughout pregnancy, stress management is essential to preserving general health. Incorporate stress-reduction and wellbeing-promoting relaxation practices into your daily routine, such as deep breathing, meditation, or gentle stretching.
Ensure you get adequate rest to support your health and pregnancy.

Keeping cholesterol in check during pregnancy is vital for both mother and baby. Consult your healthcare provider for tailored advice. With the right guidance, you can confidently support your health and your baby’s well-being throughout this exciting journey.

Dr. Shilpa Ellur is Reproductive Medicine & High-Risk Obstetrician and
Senior Consultant at the Milann Fertility Center Bengaluru